Acid Reflux

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2008-06-11T01:03:00.001-07:00

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Esophageal contractions

2008-04-22T02:24:00.000-07:00

As previously mentioned, swallows are important in eliminating acid in the esophagus. Swallowing causes a ring-like wave of contraction of the esophageal muscles, which narrows the lumen (inner cavity) of the esophagus. The contraction, referred to as peristalsis, begins in the upper esophagus and travels to the lower esophagus. It pushes food, saliva, and whatever else is in the esophagus into the stomach.
When the wave of contraction is defective, refluxed acid is not pushed back into the stomach. In patients with GERD, several abnormalities of contraction have been described. For example, waves of contraction may not begin after each swallow or the waves of contraction may die out before they reach the stomach. Also, the pressure generated by the contractions may be too weak to push the acid back into the stomach. Such abnormalities of contraction, which reduce the clearance of acid from the esophagus, are found frequently in patients with GERD. In fact, they are found most frequently in those patients with the most severe GERD. The effects of abnormal esophageal contractions would be expected to be worse at night when gravity is not helping to return refluxed acid to the stomach. Note that smoking also substantially reduces the clearance of acid from the esophagus. This effect continues for at least 6 hours after the last cigarette.

Hiatal hernia

2008-04-22T02:21:00.002-07:00

Hiatal hernias contribute to reflux, although the way in which they contribute is not clear. A majority of patients with GERD have hiatal hernias, but many do not. Therefore, it is not necessary to have a hiatal hernia in order to have GERD. Moreover, many people have hiatal hernias but do not have GERD. It is not known for certain how or why hiatal hernias develop.
Normally, the LES is located at the same level where the esophagus passes from the chest through the diaphragm and into the abdomen. (The diaphragm is a muscular, horizontal partition that separates the chest from the abdomen.) When there is a hiatal hernia, a small part of the upper stomach that attaches to the esophagus pushes up through the diaphragm. As a result, a small part of the stomach and the LES come to lie in the chest, and the LES is no longer at the level of the diaphragm.

It appears that the diaphragm that surrounds the LES is important in preventing reflux. That is, in individuals without hiatal hernias, the diaphragm surrounding the esophagus is continuously contracted, but then relaxes with swallows, just like the LES. Note that the effects of the LES and diaphragm occur at the same location in patients without hiatal hernias. Therefore, the barrier to reflux is equal to the sum of the pressures generated by the LES and the diaphragm. When the LES moves into the chest with a hiatal hernia, the diaphragm and the LES continue to exert their pressures and barrier effect. However, they now do so at different locations. Consequently, the pressures are no longer additive. Instead, a single, high-pressure barrier to reflux is replaced by two barriers of lower pressure, and reflux thus occurs more easily. So, decreasing the pressure barrier is one way that an hiatal hernia can contribute to reflux.
There is a second way in which hiatal hernias might contribute to reflux. When a hiatal hernia is present, there is a hernial sac, which is a small pouch of stomach above the diaphragm. The sac is pinched off from the esophagus above by the LES and from the stomach below by the diaphragm. What's important about this situation is that the sac can trap acid that comes from the stomach. This trap keeps the acid close to the esophagus. As a result, it is easier for the acid to reflux when the LES relaxes with a swallow or a transient relaxation.
Finally, there is a third way in which hiatal hernias might contribute to reflux. The esophagus normally joins the stomach obliquely, which means not straight on or at a 90-degree angle. Due to this oblique angle of entry, a flap of tissue is formed between the stomach and esophagus. This flap of tissue is believed to act like a valve, shutting off the esophagus from the stomach and preventing reflux. When there is a hiatal hernia, the entry of the esophagus into the stomach is pulled up into the chest. Therefore, the valve-like flap is distorted or disappears and it no longer can help prevent reflux.

Lower esophageal sphincter

2008-04-22T02:21:00.001-07:00

The action of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is perhaps the most important factor (mechanism) for preventing reflux. The esophagus is a muscular tube that extends from the lower throat to the stomach. The LES is a specialized ring of muscle that surrounds the lower-most end of the esophagus where it joins the stomach. The muscle that makes up the LES is active most of the time. This means that it is contracting and closing off the passage from the esophagus into the stomach. This closing of the passage prevents reflux. When food or saliva is swallowed, the LES relaxes for a few seconds to allow the food or saliva to pass from the esophagus into the stomach, and then it closes again.
Several different abnormalities of the LES have been found in patients with GERD. Two of them involve the function of the LES. The first is abnormally weak contraction of the LES, which reduces its ability to prevent reflux. The second is abnormal relaxations of the LES, called transient LES relaxations. They are abnormal in that they do not accompany swallows and they last for a long time, up to several minutes. These prolonged relaxations allow reflux to occur more easily. The transient LES relaxations occur in patients with GERD most commonly after meals when the stomach is distended with food. Transient LES relaxations also occur in individuals without GERD, but they are infrequent.
The most recently-described abnormality in patients with GERD is laxity of the LES. Specifically, similar distending pressures open the LES more in patients with GERD than in individuals without GERD. At least theoretically, this would allow easier opening of the LES and/or greater backward flow of acid into the esophagus when the LES is open.

What causes GERD?

2008-04-22T02:20:00.000-07:00

The cause of GERD is complex. There probably are multiple causes, and different causes may be operative in different individuals, or even in the same individual at different times. A small number of patients with GERD produce abnormally large amounts of acid, but this is uncommon and not a contributing factor in the vast majority of patients. The factors that contribute to GERD are the lower esophageal sphincter, hiatal hernias, esophageal contractions, and emptying of the stomach.

Gastroesophageal reflux

2008-04-22T02:19:00.001-07:00

What is GERD (acid reflux)?

2008-04-22T02:17:00.001-07:00

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly referred to as GERD or acid reflux, is a condition in which the liquid content of the stomach regurgitates (backs up or refluxes) into the esophagus. The liquid can inflame and damage the lining (cause, cause esophagitis) of the esophagus although visible signs of inflammation occur in a minority of patients. The regurgitated liquid usually contains acid and pepsin that are produced by the stomach. (Pepsin is an enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach.) The refluxed liquid also may contain bile that has backed-up into the stomach from the duodenum. (The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that attaches to the stomach.) Acid is believed to be the most injurious component of the refluxed liquid. Pepsin and bile also may injure the esophagus, but their role in the production of esophageal inflammation and damage is not as clear as the role of acid.
GERD is a chronic condition. Once it begins, it usually is life-long. If there is injury to the lining of the esophagus (esophagitis), this also is a chronic condition. Moreover, after the esophagus has healed with treatment and treatment is stopped, the injury will return in most patients within a few months. Once treatment for GERD is begun, therefore, it usually will need to be continued indefinitely although it is argued that in some patients with intermittent symptoms and no esophagitis, treatment can be intermittent and done only during symptomatic periods.
In fact, the reflux of the stomach's liquid contents into the esophagus occurs in most normal individuals. One study found that reflux occurs as frequently in normal individuals as in patients with GERD. In patients with GERD, however, the refluxed liquid contains acid more often, and the acid remains in the esophagus longer. It has also been found that liquid refluxes to a higher level in the esophagus in patients with GERD than normal individuals.
As is often the case, the body has ways (mechanisms) to protect itself from the harmful effects of reflux and acid. For example, most reflux occurs during the day when individuals are upright. In the upright position, the refluxed liquid is more likely to flow back down into the stomach due to the effect of gravity. In addition, while individuals are awake, they repeatedly swallow, whether or not there is reflux. Each swallow carries any refluxed liquid back into the stomach. Finally, the salivary glands in the mouth produce saliva, which contains bicarbonate. With each swallow, bicarbonate-containing saliva travels down the esophagus. The bicarbonate neutralizes the small amount of acid that remains in the esophagus after gravity and swallowing have removed most of the liquid.
Gravity, swallowing, and saliva are important protective mechanisms for the esophagus, but they are effective only when individuals are in the upright position. At night during sleep, gravity is not in effect, swallowing stops, and the secretion of saliva is reduced. Therefore, reflux that occurs at night is more likely to result in acid remaining in the esophagus longer and causing greater damage to the esophagus.
Certain conditions make a person susceptible to GERD. For example, GERD can be a serious problem during pregnancy. The elevated hormone levels of pregnancy probably cause reflux by lowering the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (see below). At the same time, the growing fetus increases the pressure in the abdomen. Both of these effects would be expected to increase reflux. Also, patients with diseases that weaken the esophageal muscles (see below), such as scleroderma or mixed connective tissue diseases, are more prone to develop GERD.

What is GERD (acid reflux)?

2008-04-22T02:17:00.000-07:00

Treatment of Heartburn

2007-08-23T04:03:00.000-07:00

When you suffer from chronic heartburn, whether it's caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or some other digestive disorder, it's important to know how to treat the heartburn. The treatment can range from lifestyle change to surgery in severe cases that don't respond to any other treatment.

Subtopics

Meds, O-T-C, Home Remedies (7) Surgery Options (2)

Acid Reflux Recovery - Simple and Easy!

2007-07-27T02:42:00.000-07:00

Acid reflux is a condition that plagues millions of people worldwide. It is caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring-like valve at the bottom of the esophagus. It opens to allow food to enter the stomach and then closes to keep it there. When the LES becomes damaged and, or relaxed, stomach fluids are refluxed up into the esophagus and throat. The hydrochloric acid in this fluid has been compared to the corrosive acid in a common car battery.

It is important to remember why this condition usually exists in the first place. In most cases it is due to a damaged esophagus and LES. These can easily be scratched by eating foods with jagged edges like corn chips or crackers. Even crusty bread which has not been chewed properly can cause this type of damage. These little lacerations can then be irritated by acidic foods which are spicy or fried. Before you know it, you have a full fledged case of acid reflux. Once this cycle begins, it is not that easy to get rid of.

Let the esophagus heal by not eating the same foods in the same manner that caused the damage in the first place. Loosing weight, exercising, chewing properly, drinking sufficient amounts of water and eating in a pleasant atmosphere are all simple things that anyone can do to improve this condition.

There are also many natural ingredients found in any grocery market or health food store, which can help during the acid reflux recovery period. Herbs, like slippery elm and marshmallow have wonderful healing properties. Aloe vera juice, licorice and natural honey can sooth the esophagus and assist in the healing process.

By eating dinner at least three hours before retiring, one can drastically reduce the chances of acid reflux. Chewing gum between meals actually reduces stomach acid. Saliva is extremely alkaline in nature and chewing stimulates its production causing the system to be more alkaline.

Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Forget the "Three Big Meals" we have been taught to indulge in. Try eating four or five little meals each day. Start the day with Kukicha Twig tea instead of acidic coffee. This tea has been used for hundreds of years to make the body more alkaline. For breakfast, banish that cereal and instead eat fruit, like bananas and melons. Have several snacks of walnuts, almonds and more fruit during the day. For lunch have a salad, made with grilled chicken breasts, or tofu, mixed with hearts of romaine tossed with a little lemon juice and olive oil. Lemon juice is preferable to vinegar, as it is more alkaline in nature.

During this reflux recovery period, eating anything which could irritate or damage the esophagus must be avoided. Until the lacerations have had a chance to heal, spicy foods, such as acidic tomato products, hot peppers, raw garlic and raw onions should be eliminated from the diet. They just further irritate the condition. Eating chocolate, smoking and drinking alcohol relax the LES, allowing stomach acid to splash up into the esophagus, thus impeding the healing process.

The key to acid reflux recovery is to eat only mild, easy to digest food until the esophagus has healed. Eat early and slowly, chewing your food completely. Last, but not least, try to eat in a relaxed, pleasant and stress free environment.

There are many things one can do to improve the chances for success in defeating acid reflux. The choices in behavior that we make like exercising, loosing weight, wearing loose clothing, eating and chewing properly and avoiding carbonated drinks are all very important. There is another very potent technique for managing this condition. It is called meditation.

Meditation has the power to eliminate any unpleasant side affect of our stressful lives, including acid reflux. Try this out; in a quiet place, sit erect with your hands at your side and take a long deep breath. Close your eyes and look up toward the space between the eyebrows, without straining. Continue to breathe deeply. You will soon find yourself in a very relaxed state with no particular thoughts in mind. Now visualize yourself eating beautiful food slowly and carefully. See your mouth, throat, esophagus, LES and stomach all pink, young and perfect. Feel all the parts of your body working in complete harmony. Look at yourself. You are smiling. You are enjoying perfect health.

I promise you that if you did this exercise at least once a day, your acid reflux would go into remission. With these little changes in food choices and lifestyle with a few natural supplements thrown into the mix, anyone would be able to accomplish acid reflux recovery.

Nexium, Pepcid and Prilosec can make people more susceptible to pneumonia

2007-07-27T02:40:00.000-07:00

Widely used heartburn and ulcer drugs such as Nexium, Pepcid and Prilosec can make people more susceptible to pneumonia, probably because they reduce germ-killing stomach acid, Dutch researchers found in a study of more than 300,000 patients.

top refrences

2007-07-27T02:39:00.000-07:00

1. Gallup Survey. Heartburn across Americ Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization, 1998 Mar 24.

2. Harris Group. Feb. 5,2001. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Barriers to Successful Treatment. Harris Interactive/Acuity HealthGroup. Available at:
www.businesswire.com/
webbox/bw.020501/
210362364.htm.
Accessed Aug. 21, 2001.

3. Wilkins J, Heggers J, Willette R, Wilkins JS. Relief of heartburn naturally. Proprietary study. Wilkins Research, Galveston Texas.

4. Norris J, Ed. Gastroesophageal reflux. In: Professional Guide to Diseases. 5th ed. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corporation, 1995: 660-663.

5. Porth CM. Gastroesophageal reflux. In: Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott; 1998: 722-723.

6. Norris J, Ed. Peptic ulcers. In: Professional Guide to Diseases. 5th ed. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corporation, 1995: 676-678.

7. Dajani EZ. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: pathophysiology and pharmacology overview. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 2000;11:7-11.

8. Bartlett DW, Evans DF, Smith BG. The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion. J Oral Rehabil. 1996;23:289-297.

9. Silva MA, Damante JH, Stipp AC, Tolentino MM, Carlotto PR, Fleury RN. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: New oral findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91:301-10.

10. Eckardt VF, Kanzler G, Bernhard G. Life expectancy and cancer risk in patients with Barrett’s esophagus: a prospective controlled investigation. Am J Med. 2001;111:33-37.

11. El-Serag HB, Hepworth EJ, Lee P, Sonnenberg Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2013-2018.

12. Diener U, Patti MG, Molena D, Fisichella PM, Way LW. Esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg. 2001;5:260-265.

13. Wetscher GJ, Glaser K, Gadenstaetter M, Profanter C, Hinder R The effect of medical therapy and antireflux surgery on dysphagia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease without esophageal stricture. Am J Surg. 1999;177:189-192.

14. Clouse RE, Richter JE, Heading RC, Janssens J, Wilson J Functional esophageal disorders. Gut. 1999;45:II31-1136.

15. Clark CS, Kraus BB, Sinclair J, Castell DO. Gastroesophageal reflux induced by exercise in healthy volunteers. JAM 1989;261:3599-3601.

16. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Available at: www.niddk.nih.gov/
health/digest/pubs/heartbrn/. Accessed Aug. 17, 2001.

17. Smit CF, Copper MP, van Leeuwen JA, Schoots IG, Stanojcic LD. Effect of cigarette smoking on gastropharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux. Ann Otol Rhino Laryngol. 2001;110:190-193.

18. Kahrilas PJ. Cigarette smoking and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis. 1992;10:61-71.

19. Fisher RS, Roberts GS, Grabowski CJ, Cohen S. Altered lower esophageal sphincter function during early pregnancy. Gastroenterology. 1978;74:1233-1237.

20. Olans LB, Wolf JL. Gastroesophageal reflux in pregnancy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1994;4:699-712.

21. Scott VF. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: diagnosis and management. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 2000;11:12-14.

22. Lehne R Antacids: adverse effects. In: Pharmacology for Nursing Care. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders; 1998: 783-784.

23. Young LE, Koda-Kimble M Drug interactions associated with antacids. In: Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs. 6th ed. Vancouver, Wash: Applied Therapeutics, Inc; 1995:chapter 23, page 9.

24. Koo, J., Marshall, D. L. & DePaola, Antacid increases survival of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio vulnificus phage in a gastrointestinal model. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67: 2895 – 2902.

25. Waldrom HL, Brenna E, Kleveland PM, Sandvik AK, Syversen U. Review article: the use of gastric acid-inhibitory drugs – physiological and pathophysiological consideration. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1993;7:589-596.

26. Johnson DA, Benjamin SB, Vakil NB, et al. Esomeprazole once daily for 6 months is effective therapy for maintaining healed erosive esophagitis and for controlling gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:27-34.

27. Evanepoel P. Alteration in digestion and absorption of nutrients during profound acid suppression. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;15:539-551.

28. Crowell PL, Elson CE, Bailey HH, Elegbede A, Haag JD, Gould MN. Human metabolism of the experimental cancer therapeutic agent d-limonene. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1994;35(1):31-7.

29. Vigushin DM, Poon GK, Boddy A, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of D-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998; 42:111-117.

30. Nakaizumi A, Baba M, Uehara H, Iishi H, Tatsuta M. d-Limonene inhibits N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl)amine induced hamster pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 1997;117:99-103.

31. Kawamori T, Tanaka T, Hirose Y, Ohnishi M, Mori H. Inhibitory effects of d-limonene on the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in F344 rats. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17:369-372.

32. Giri RK, Parija T, Das BR. d-limonene chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis in AKR mice: inhibition of c-jun and c-myc. Oncol Rep. 1999;6:1123-1127.

33. Yano H, Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, Sakai N, Uedo N. Attenuation by d-limonene of sodium chloride-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl N’-nitro-
N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Int J Cancer. 1999; 82:665-668.

34. Uedo N, Tatsuta M, Iishi H, et al. Inhibition by D-limonene of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N’-nitro-
N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Cancer Lett. 1999;137:131-6.

Does orange peel extract affect cancer?

2007-07-27T02:38:00.001-07:00

Orange peel extract has pronounced cancer preventative activity. Based on several studies, researchers have determined orange peel extract inhibits the way cancer cells divide and grow. In laboratory studies, orange peel extract prevented breast, skin, liver, lung, pancreatic, colon and stomach cancers.29-33

A clinical study examined the safety of orange peel extract in cancer patients. A group of 32 cancer patients took orange peel extract for 21 days. Ten additional breast cancer patients took orange peel extract for 15 days. No toxicities were demonstrated in any of the patients. Analysis of the patient’s blood levels revealed orange peel extract was well absorbed. The study’s authors urged further research of orange peel extract and cancer prevention.28

Some important last notes Frequent and persistent heartburn can signal other more serious conditions and may eventually lead to complications. You should consult a licensed health care professional if you:

• Suffer from heartburn symptoms even after taking orange peel extract for the full 20 days or other heartburn remedies.

• Have severe hoarseness or wheezing.

• Notice swallowing is painful or difficult, especially with solid foods or pills.

• Experience vomiting for more than three days or notice weight loss that happens without dieting.

• Find your discomfort interferes with your lifestyle or daily activities.

• Notice your heartburn symptoms become more severe over time.

The following conditions may be associated with serious conditions other than heartburn, including heart attack. Therefore, get medical help immediately if you experience any of the following:

• Chest pain accompanied by pain in the neck, jaw, arms or legs, shortness of breath, weakness, irregular pulse or sweating.

• Continuous nausea, vomiting, or diarrhe

• Extreme stomach discomfort.

• Vomiting of bloody or black material.

• Black or bloody bowel movements.

Is orange peel extract safe?

2007-07-27T02:37:00.001-07:00

Orange peel extract is an all-natural product and its safety has been evaluated.27 Always follow the recommended dosages on the label for best results.

Pregnant or nursing women shouldn’t take orange peel extract. You shouldn’t take it if you have an ulcer or suspect you have an ulcer, because a burning and irritating sensation may result. Until clinical trials on all age groups have been completed, orange peel extract shouldn’t be given to children.2

In fact, orange peel extract has been used in cancer studies for many years with no adverse effects.29

How does orange peel extract cure heartburn?

2007-07-27T02:36:00.000-07:00

Orange peel extract has been studied in several clinical trials. In many of the studies, participants were asked to rate their heartburn for severity and frequency. Using a pre-study questionnaire, heartburn severity was rated on a scale from 1-10 (1 = mild and 10 = severe), as was heartburn frequency (1 = occasional and 10 = all the time).2

Participants took 1,000 mg of orange peel extract and were asked to rate their heartburn every day using a 1-to-10 scale (1 = relief and 10 = no relief). Heartburn relief ratings were taken while participants took the extract and several times after stopping.2

Almost 90% of participants reported resolution of heartburn symptoms two weeks (14 days) after starting orange peel extract. Almost one-third of participants experienced resolution of heartburn symptoms as early as the second day of the study.2

What’s more, even though participants stopped taking the orange peel extract, they reported symptom resolution on days 21, 28, and 35. That means they hadn’t experienced heartburn even two weeks after they stopped taking orange peel extract.

These study participants had an average pre-study rating of their heartburn of 7.8 and a frequency rating of 7.3. After only 20 days of taking orange peel extract, almost all these heartburn sufferers experienced no more heartburn.2

Occasionally, after completing the 20-day treatment period, some people may experience mild heartburn after eating foods they had previously avoided. The study scientists concluded these individuals overindulged on these “forbidden” foods. Taking a single orange peel extract capsule as needed usually solves this problem.

How much orange peel extract should I take?

2007-07-27T02:35:00.001-07:00

I recommend what was used in the studies: 1,000 mg of orange peel extract every other day for 20 days. Look for a product standardized for a minimum of 98.5% (the highest purity) of d-limonene, a compound found in orange peel extract.2

How does orange peel extract work?

2007-07-27T02:33:00.000-07:00

While this compound has been studied for quite some time, new information on how orange peel extract works is continually being discovered. Researchers have developed several possible theories for the way orange peel extract stops heartburn.

Scientists believe orange peel extract helps esophageal peristalsis, moving food through to the stomach effectively and efficiently. Food doesn’t stay in the esophagus longer than required, lessening the chances for heartburn to develop.2

Orange peel extract also may work as a surfactant. A surfactant is a substance that reduces the surface tension of liquids. Orange peel extract may reduce the surface tension of the liquid contents in the stomach, decreasing the potential for the fluid to splash up into the esophagus.2

What side effects do many heartburn medications have?

2007-07-27T02:30:00.002-07:00

Some interfere with vitamin and calcium absorption, block digestive activities, and shut down stomach secretions —and none cure the problem; they only relieve heartburn pain.

While some heartburn medications work for some people some of the time, there’s a lack of consistent symptom relief. Many people with heartburn switch from brand to brand, trying to find the one product that takes away their pain consistently.1

Antacid products use sodium bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, or a combination of these substances to neutralize stomach acid. Thus, hydrochloric acid is no longer able to perform its vital functions: digesting food, inhibiting bacterial growth, and absorbing vitamins and nutrients.3,4 When hydrochloric acid is neutralized, the stomach responds by producing even more acid. As more acid is produced, more heartburn follows, and a vicious cycle known as “acid rebound” begins.21

Antacids can have serious side effects. Antacids can make the stomach more vulnerable to food poisoning. Normally, Vibrio vulnificus, a potentially fatal bacteria found in raw shellfish, is killed by stomach juices. But, the bacteria can survive up to two hours in the presence of antacids, causing severe vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.23

Antacids interact with or prevent the absorption of many medications including:
• allopurinol
• aspirin, salicylates
• benzodiazepines
• blood thinners
• chloroquine
• corticosteroids
• diabetic medicines
• digoxin
• ethambutol
• flecainide
• iron
• isoniazid
• nitrofurantoin
• penicillamine
• phenothiazines
• phenytoin type drugs
• quinidine
• tetracycline
• thyroid medications
• ticlopidine
• ulcer medications23,24

H2-receptor blockers, such as Tagamet®, are a different type of heartburn medication. H2-receptor blockers sharply decrease hydrochloric acid production, impairing vitamin B12 and calcium absorption from food. Vitamin B12 in food is attached to proteins. Stomach acid separates them and allows the B12 to be absorbed. Without adequate stomach acid, the B12 remains attached to the proteins.24

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work by inhibiting the hydrochloric acid production. In fact, they almost completely shut down the stomach’s ability to produce acid.25

Nexium®, Prevacid®, and Prilosec® are some of the most prescribed medications in the U.S. In 1999, Americans spent more than $7 billion on Prilosec and other PPIs. While PPIs may be safe for short-term use, the long-term consequences of total hydrochloric acid blocking are unknown.26 The package insert in the Physicians’ Desk Reference states these medications are only for short-term use, but they are generally being used for long periods of time.

In contrast to all these remedies, orange peel extract is a safe and effective option for complete resolution of symptoms.

Who else is prone to developing heartburn?

2007-07-27T02:30:00.001-07:00

Overweight people often experience heartburn. Abdominal fat leads to a higher pressure in the abdomen.16 Pregnancy causes a higher pressure in the abdomen and there also is evidence that changing hormone levels cause relaxation of the muscle valve. More than 25% of pregnant women experience heartburn at some time in their pregnancy.18,19

People who have hiatal (pronounced high-Ay-tul) hernias often have heartburn. This condition occurs when a portion of the stomach slides above the diaphragm, the thin muscle separating the stomach from the chest. The hernia may allow food and acidic stomach fluid to flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn.20

While heartburn is a common complaint, it’s certainly not a trivial one. Heartburn hurts. It can interfere with sleep and keep us from enjoying our favorite foods. And, while numerous heartburn remedies are available, none cure the problem and all have side effects, some potentially serious.

What causes heartburn?

2007-07-27T02:29:00.000-07:00

Many factors can cause heartburn to develop. While it may seem like a simple hollow tube, the esophagus has an important function, called esophageal peristalsis. The esophagus is made up of muscle fibers that contract when you swallow. These rhythmic waves of peristalsis move food down the esophagus and into the stomach. Slowdown of esophageal peristalsis often occurs as we age. When peristalsis slows, so does LES functioning and heartburn can then develop.11-13

Heartburn sometimes happens after eating a big meal. Large meals overfill the stomach and can force acid past even a strong LES.3 Lying down right after eating also causes heartburn. Even bending over or lifting heavy objects can bring on the uncomfortable burning sensation.14

Certain foods, such as citrus fruits, chocolate, tomatoes or tomato-based products, raw onions, garlic, black pepper, vinegar and fatty or spicy foods may cause the LES to relax and open. Beverages such as citrus juices, and caffeinated, carbonated, and alcoholic beverages have similar effects.15

Studies show cigarette smoking relaxes the LES, making smokers more prone to heartburn.16,17

What’s the difference between heartburn and GERD?

2007-07-27T02:28:00.002-07:00

If you suffer from persistent heartburn two or more days a week, the problem may be gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). That can be serious because, over time, the reflux of stomach acid can erode or wear away the delicate esophagus lining (erosive esophagitis). Some people with esophagitis develop scar tissue, which narrows the esophagus’ lining, causing problems swallowing food or pills.6

GERD also can contribute to asthma, pneumonia, hoarseness, and chronic cough.3,4,6 Acid refluxed from the stomach into the mouth also can erode teeth.7,8 Also, people who have GERD have a higher risk of developing Barrett’s esophagus, a condition marked by severe damage to the esophagus lining and linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer.10

A recent study discovered GERD is a risk factor for cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pharynx (throat).10

Licensed health care practitioners often make a GERD diagnosis when heartburn happens frequently or is particularly severe. While expensive X-ray procedures can accurately diagnose GERD, the diagnosis most often is made from patient reports.

What’s the difference between heartburn and ulcers?

2007-07-27T02:28:00.001-07:00

A stomach ulcer is a sore or erosion in the stomach lining or intestine. Stomach ulcers are most often caused by bacterial infection of the stomach (caused by Helicobacter pylori) or chronic use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).5 Heartburn and ulcers are in the same family of acid-related maladies. They also may be aggravated by the same factors and share some symptoms and treatment. Both of these health problems can become serious if left untreated.3-5

What is heartburn?

2007-07-27T02:27:00.000-07:00

Heartburn is the pain caused by the splashing up of fluids from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). The stomach secretes fluid made of hydrochloric acid, an enzyme called pepsin, and sometimes bile (which is created in the liver). Stomach fluid helps digest the food we eat. The hydrochloric acid in stomach fluid helps prevent bacteria from growing in the stomach and intestines. It also helps with vitamin and nutrient absorption. Hydrochloric acid is very strong and corrosive. However, the stomach has a special lining that protects it from the acid and other stomach fluids.3,4

The end of the esophagus (where it connects to the stomach) is actually a circular band of muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (or LES). The LES is the stomach’s gatekeeper, using pressure to open and close. When food travels from the mouth down through the esophagus, the LES opens, allowing food to enter the stomach. When the LES narrows and closes, it keeps food from leaving the stomach and going back up the esophagus.3

Sometimes, the LES opens at the wrong time. When this happens, hydrochloric acid and other stomach fluids splash up into the esophagus. While the stomach has a special lining to protect it from the hydrochloric acid, the esophagus does not. As the stomach fluid enters the esophagus, the result is burning pain.4

Heartburn & Acid Reflux - Orange Peel Extract - A Natural Cure

2007-07-27T02:26:00.000-07:00

Decker Weiss: NMD, AACVPR

Dr. Weiss is considered an expert in integrative cardiology. He is the first naturopathic physician to complete a conventional residency program in the Columbia Hospital System, the Arizona Heart Hospital and the prestigious Arizona Heart Institute. Dr. Weiss has a unique perspective in that he has experience with both naturopathic and conventional practice. Dr. Weiss holds several appointments, including Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Chief Medical Officer of Naturopathic Paradigms, a private practice in Phoenix.

Because there are so many prescription and over-the-counter heartburn medicines to choose from today, a person could easily think all Americans suffer from it. This assumption is not that far-fetched. More than 60 million Americans experience heartburn at least once a month and more than 25 million suffer heartburn symptoms every day, according to a 1998 Gallup Organization national survey. The good news is, a natural product that relieves heartburn pain is now available. Orange peel extract, made from fresh orange peels, works safely and effectively and without side effects. The great majority of people who have used orange peel extract report huge reductions in their heartburn pain.2

For More Acid Reflux and Heartburn Information

2007-07-27T02:25:00.000-07:00

American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) 4900-B South 31st Street Arlington, VA 22206-1656 Phone: (703) 820-7400 Fax: (703) 931-4520 Internet: www.acg.gi.org

American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) National Office 4930 Del Ray Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone: (301) 654-2055 Fax: (301) 652-3890 Email: webinfo@gastro.org Internet: www.gastro.org

North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) P.O. Box 6 Flourtown, PA 19031 Phone: (215) 233-0808 Fax: (215) 233-3939 Email: naspghan@naspghan.org Internet: www.naspghan.org

Pediatric/Adolescent Gastroesophageal Reflux Association Inc. (PAGER) P.O. Box 1153 Germantown, MD 20875-1153 Phone: (301) 601-9541 Email: gergroup@aol.com Internet: www.reflux.org

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The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this document are used only because they are considered necessary in the context of the information provided. If a product is not mentioned, this does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory.

National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

2 Information Way Bethesda, MD 20892-3570 Email: nddic@info.niddk.nih.gov

The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1980, the clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. NDDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about digestive diseases.

Publications produced by the clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This fact sheet was reviewed by G. Richard Locke, M.D., Mayo Clinic; and Joel Richter, M.D., Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Hope Through Research

2007-07-27T02:24:00.000-07:00

No one knows why some people who have heartburn develop GERD. Several factors may be involved, and research is under way on many levels. Risk factors--what makes some people get GERD but not others--are being explored, as is GERD's role in other conditions such as asthma and bronchitis.

The role of hiatal hernia in GERD continues to be debated and explored. It is a complex topic because some people have a hiatal hernia without having reflux, while others have reflux without having a herni

Much research is needed into the role of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Our ability to eliminate H. pylori has been responsible for reduced rates of peptic ulcer disease and some gastric cancers. At the same time, GERD, Barrett's esophagus, and cancers of the esophagus have increased. Researchers wonder whether having H. pylori helps prevent GERD and other diseases. Future treatment will be greatly affected by the results of this research.

Points to Remember

2007-07-27T02:23:00.000-07:00

Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of GERD. Anyone experiencing heartburn twice a week or more may have GERD.
You can have GERD without having heartburn. Your symptoms could be excessive clearing of the throat, problems swallowing, the feeling that food is stuck in your throat, burning in the mouth, or pain in the chest.
In infants and children, GERD may cause repeated vomiting, coughing, and other respiratory problems. Most babies grow out of GERD by their first birthday.
If you have been using antacids for more than 2 weeks, it is time to see a doctor. Most doctors can treat GERD. Or you may want to visit an internist--a doctor who specializes in internal medicine--or a gastroenterologist--a doctor who treats diseases of the stomach and intestines.
Doctors usually recommend lifestyle and dietary changes to relieve heartburn. Many people with GERD also need medication. Surgery may be an option.

What are the long-term complications of acid reflux symptoms GERD

2007-07-27T02:19:00.000-07:00

Sometimes GERD can cause serious complications. Inflammation of the esophagus from stomach acid causes bleeding or ulcers. In addition, scars from tissue damage can narrow the esophagus and make swallowing difficult. Some people develop Barrett's esophagus, where cells in the esophageal lining take on an abnormal shape and color, which over time can lead to cancer.

Also, studies have shown that asthma, chronic cough, and pulmonary fibrosis may be aggravated or even caused by GERD.

For information about Barrett's esophagus, please see the Barrett's Esophagus fact sheet from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

What if acid reflux symptoms persist?

2007-07-27T02:18:00.000-07:00

If your heartburn does not improve with lifestyle changes or drugs, you may need additional tests.

A barium swallow radiograph uses x rays to help spot abnormalities such as a hiatal hernia and severe inflammation of the esophagus. With this test, you drink a solution and then x rays are taken. Mild irritation will not appear on this test, although narrowing of the esophagus--called stricture--ulcers, hiatal hernia, and other problems will.
Upper endoscopy is more accurate than a barium swallow radiograph and may be performed in a hospital or a doctor's office. The doctor will spray your throat to numb it and slide down a thin, flexible plastic tube called an endoscope. A tiny camera in the endoscope allows the doctor to see the surface of the esophagus and to search for abnormalities. If you have had moderate to severe symptoms and this procedure reveals injury to the esophagus, usually no other tests are needed to confirm GERD. The doctor may use tiny tweezers (forceps) in the endoscope to remove a small piece of tissue for biopsy. A biopsy viewed under a microscope can reveal damage caused by acid reflux and rule out other problems if no infecting organisms or abnormal growths are found.
In an ambulatory pH monitoring examination, the doctor puts a tiny tube into the esophagus that will stay there for 24 hours. While you go about your normal activities, it measures when and how much acid comes up into your esophagus. This test is useful in people with GERD symptoms but no esophageal damage. The procedure is also helpful in detecting whether respiratory symptoms, including wheezing and coughing, are triggered by reflux.

Acid reflux surgery

Surgery is an option when medicine and lifestyle changes do not work. Surgery may also be a reasonable alternative to a lifetime of drugs and discomfort.

Fundoplication, usually a specific variation called Nissen fundoplication, is the standard surgical treatment for GERD. The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal herni

This fundoplication procedure may be done using a laparoscope and requires only tiny incisions in the abdomen. To perform the fundoplication, surgeons use small instruments that hold a tiny camer Laparoscopic fundoplication has been used safely and effectively in people of all ages, even babies. When performed by experienced surgeons, the procedure is reported to be as good as standard fundoplication. Furthermore, people can leave the hospital in 1 to 3 days and return to work in 2 to 3 weeks.

In 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two endoscopic devices to treat chronic heartburn. The Bard EndoCinch system puts stitches in the LES to create little pleats that help strengthen the muscle. The Stretta system uses electrodes to create tiny cuts on the LES. When the cuts heal, the scar tissue helps toughen the muscle. The long-term effects of these two procedures are unknown.

Implant

Recently the FDA approved an implant that may help people with GERD who wish to avoid surgery. Enteryx is a solution that becomes spongy and reinforces the LES to keep stomach acid from flowing into the esophagus. It is injected during endoscopy. The implant is approved for people who have GERD and who require and respond to proton pump inhibitors. The long-term effects of the implant are unknown.

Medications Antacids Foaming agents Proton pump inhibitors

2007-07-27T02:15:00.000-07:00

Medications

Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter antacids, which you can buy without a prescription, or medications that stop acid production or help the muscles that empty your stomach.

Antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Pepto-Bismol, Rolaids, and Riopan, are usually the first drugs recommended to relieve heartburn and other mild GERD symptoms. Many brands on the market use different combinations of three basic salts--magnesium, calcium, and aluminum--with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid in your stomach. Antacids, however, have side effects. Magnesium salt can lead to diarrhea, and aluminum salts can cause constipation. Aluminum and magnesium salts are often combined in a single product to balance these effects.

Calcium carbonate antacids, such as Tums, Titralac, and Alka-2, can also be a supplemental source of calcium. They can cause constipation as well.

Foaming agents, such as Gaviscon, work by covering your stomach contents with foam to prevent reflux. These drugs may help those who have no damage to the esophagus.

H₂ blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet HB), famotidine (Pepcid AC), nizatidine (Axid AR), and ranitidine (Zantac 75), impede acid production. They are available in prescription strength and over the counter. These drugs provide short-term relief, but over-the-counter H₂ blockers should not be used for more than a few weeks at a time. They are effective for about half of those who have GERD symptoms. Many people benefit from taking H₂ blockers at bedtime in combination with a proton pump inhibitor.

Proton pump inhibitors include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex), and esomeprazole (Nexium), which are all available by prescription. Proton pump inhibitors are more effective than H₂ blockers and can relieve symptoms in almost everyone who has GERD.

Another group of drugs, prokinetics, helps strengthen the sphincter and makes the stomach empty faster. This group includes bethanechol (Urecholine) and metoclopramide (Reglan). Metoclopramide also improves muscle action in the digestive tract, but these drugs have frequent side effects that limit their usefulness.

Because drugs work in different ways, combinations of drugs may help control symptoms. People who get heartburn after eating may take both antacids and H₂ blockers. The antacids work first to neutralize the acid in the stomach, while the H₂ blockers act on acid production. By the time the antacid stops working, the H₂ blocker will have stopped acid production. Your doctor is the best source of information on how to use medications for GERD

Lifestyle Changes

2007-07-27T02:14:00.000-07:00

If you smoke, stop.
Do not drink alcohol.
Lose weight if needed.
Eat small meals.
Wear loose-fitting clothes.
Avoid lying down for 3 hours after a meal.
Raise the head of your bed 6 to 8 inches by putting blocks of wood under the bedposts--just using extra pillows will not help.

How are acid reflux symptoms treated?

2007-07-27T02:13:00.002-07:00

If you have had heartburn or any of the other symptoms for a while, you should see your doctor. You may want to visit an internist, a doctor who specializes in internal medicine, or a gastroenterologist, a doctor who treats diseases of the stomach and intestines. Depending on how severe your GERD is, treatment may involve one or more of the following lifestyle changes and medications or surgery.

What causes acid reflux symptoms (GERD)?

2007-07-27T02:13:00.001-07:00

No one knows why people get acid reflux. A hiatal hernia may contribute. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach is above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. The diaphragm helps the LES keep acid from coming up into the esophagus. When a hiatal hernia is present, it is easier for the acid to come up. In this way, a hiatal hernia can cause reflux. A hiatal hernia can happen in people of any age; many otherwise healthy people over 50 have a small one.

Other factors that may contribute to GERD include

alcohol use
overweight
pregnancy
smoking

Also, certain foods can be associated with reflux events, including

citrus fruits
chocolate
drinks with caffeine
fatty and fried foods
garlic and onions
mint flavorings
spicy foods
tomato-based foods, like spaghetti sauce, chili, and pizza

Acid reflux in Children

2007-07-27T02:12:00.001-07:00

Studies* show that GERD is common and may be overlooked in infants and children. It can cause repeated vomiting, coughing, and other respiratory problems. Children's immature digestive systems are usually to blame, and most infants grow out of GERD by the time they are 1 year old. Still, you should talk to your child's doctor if the problem occurs regularly and causes discomfort. Your doctor may recommend simple strategies for avoiding reflux, like burping the infant several times during feeding or keeping the infant in an upright position for 30 minutes after feeding. If your child is older, the doctor may recommend avoiding

sodas that contain caffeine
chocolate and peppermint
spicy foods like pizza
acidic foods like oranges and tomatoes
fried and fatty foods

Avoiding food 2 to 3 hours before bed may also help. The doctor may recommend that the child sleep with head raised. If these changes do not work, the doctor may prescribe medicine for your child. In rare cases, a child may need surgery.

*Jung AD. Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. American Family Physician. 2001;64(11):1853-1860

What are the symptoms of acid reflux?

2007-07-27T02:02:00.000-07:00

The main symptoms are persistent heartburn and acid regurgitation. Some people have GERD without heartburn. Instead, they experience pain in the chest, hoarseness in the morning, or trouble swallowing. You may feel like you have food stuck in your throat or like you are choking or your throat is tight. GERD can also cause a dry cough and bad breath.

Acid Reflux Symptoms - Heartburn Symptoms - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - GERD

2007-07-27T02:00:00.000-07:00

Acid Reflux, Heartburn Information by: National Digestive Diseases (NDDIC). Use your browser's "back" button to navigate the acid reflux menu.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not close properly and stomach contents leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus. The LES is a ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts like a valve between the esophagus and stomach. The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

When refluxed stomach acid touches the lining of the esophagus, it causes a burning sensation in the chest or throat called heartburn. The fluid may even be tasted in the back of the mouth, and this is called acid indigestion. Occasional heartburn is common but does not necessarily mean one has GERD. Heartburn that occurs more than twice a week may be considered GERD, and it can eventually lead to more serious health problems.

Anyone, including infants, children, and pregnant women, can have GERD.

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Nexium, Pepcid and Prilosec can make people more susceptible to pneumonia

2007-07-27T01:59:00.000-07:00

Associated Press 10-27-04 -Widely used heartburn and ulcer drugs such as Nexium, Pepcid and Prilosec can make people more susceptible to pneumonia, probably because they reduce germ-killing stomach acid, Dutch researchers found in a study of more than 300,000 patients. More. Learn about alternative acid reflux treatments.

Microbial origin of chronic inflammatory conditions

2007-07-27T01:58:00.001-07:00

Oct 3, 2005: Nobel Assembly, Karolinska Institutet

"Many diseases in humans such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and arteriosclerosis are due to chronic inflammation. The discovery that one of the most common diseases of mankind, peptic ulcer disease, has a microbial cause, has stimulated the search for microbes as possible causes of other chronic inflammatory conditions. Even though no definite answers are at hand, recent data clearly suggest that a dysfunction in the recognition of microbial products by the human immune system can result in disease development. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori has led to an increased understanding of the connection between chronic infection, inflammation and cancer." Physician Comments

Free Radical Reactions Influenced by Transcendental Meditation

2007-07-27T01:57:00.001-07:00

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):31-8 - International Institute of Biophysics, Neuss, Germany

Spectral analysis of photons emitted by human cells suggests an ultra-weak photon emission is probably, at least in part, a reflection of free radical reactions in a living system. More

Natural Non-toxic Cancer Drug Gets FDA Approval

2007-07-27T01:54:00.000-07:00

Triamazon therapy is taking credit for wiping out 12 deadly cancers with no side effects. It's reported to be non-toxic with no drug interactions. Recent studies of the active compound in Triamazon, Annonaceous acetogenin, continue to demostrate it's toxic effect only towards cancer cells. This non-patentable compound is found in various rainforest plants. Other naturally occuring sources of Annonaceous acetogenin include, Paw Paw and Graviola.

Top 10 Recommendations for Complementary Medicine

2007-07-27T01:52:00.000-07:00

The Director of Research at the Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at the Mayo Clinic illustrates the top complementary therapies used in conjunction with traditional medicine.

Irritable Bowel Disease-

2007-07-24T02:45:00.001-07:00

Irritable Bowel Disease-

Stop the Embarrassment of Irritable Bowel today! Help your body stop Chronic Diarrhea associated with IBS!

Irritable Bowel Syndrome has become a common chronic problem that affects millions of Americans. Common symptoms include severe stomach cramps and frequent diarrhea especially immediately following eating. The cause has been a mystery. However, studies seem to tie the inability to digest fat to the root cause and is extremely prevalent in people who are missing or have gall bladder problems.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Defined: In plain English

2007-07-24T02:42:00.000-07:00

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Defined: In plain English Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused when the valve between the esophagus does not close properly and stomach acids push and irritate the delicate lining of the esophagus. The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn.

Although many people have heartburn it should not be confused with GERD. Although Buffer pH+ will help with occasional heartburn attack, GERD is a chronic and serious problem.

GERD is most commonly caused when you esophageal sphincter does not close properly. This little flap is opens when you swallow and then closes. When it becomes week or too relaxed, it doesn't close properly and doesn't stop stomach acids from going to the wrong place. It is proven that certain foods may cause this tiny muscle not to relax. Foods on this list include chocolate, onions, peppermint, coffee, high-sugar foods, and possibly high-fat foods. Other foods like oranges and pizza don't relax this muscle but they do further the problem if the esophagus is already inflamed.

So now that we gave you the formal definition. Here's are the clinical terms broken out in common terms:

Heartburn, acid reflux, gastroespohageal reflux, esophagitis.....all these terms are enough to make anybody's head spin. So let's start by breaking some of this down into plain English.

Heartburn

What is heartburn? The term "heartburn" can mean different things to different people, but it most commonly refers to the symptoms of acid reflux or gastroespohageal reflux. Some people will also use words like dyspeptic or indigestion, although those are more generally used to describe bloating, fullness, belching or feeling like you need to belch, or nausea. Heartburn is...well, basically, it's pain. It's your esophagus crying foul. Heartburn is generally described as a burning, tight, or uncomfortable feeling in the center of the chest, behind or near the breastbone. It's pain or discomfort in the esophagus caused by the lining of the esophagus being irritated when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. The lining of the esophagus isn't designed to deal with stomach acid so, just like skinning your knee when you were a kid, the lining gets irritated and it hurts.

So what's chronic heartburn?

The American Heritage Dictionary defines chronic as "Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence". Heartburn is generally considered chronic if it occurs consistently 2 or more times a week. But even if it's not occuring that often for you, if it's occuring repetetively and often enough to bother you, it's worth consulting your physician.

Esophagitis

Esophagitis is the technical term for irritation and inflammation of the esophagus. Again, it's a symptom of the problem, or a result of the problem. The repeated backup of acid into the esophagus causes the irritation and inflammation. And if left untreated, it can eventually lead to bleeding or ulcers in the esophagus and other problems.

Acid Reflux/Gastroesophageal Reflux

Ahh, now here we go. This is the what's keeping you up nights. This is what makes you wish you had stock in antacids. This is what makes you look longingly at the local pizzeria as you drive by. You may have also heard acid reflux disease or gastroesphageal reflux disease (gerd), but we'll get to those in a minute. For the moment, let's leave the disease part off the end.

Acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux are pretty much the same thing. Technically, one (acid reflux) refers to what is happening (acid is backing up into the esophagus) and the other (gastroesophageal reflux) refers to the system and organ being affected (the esophagus, part of the gastrointestinal system, is being irritated by the reflux of acid into it). Phew, okay, now that we got the technicalities out of the way, what IS it? (We're going to use the term acid reflux for the rest of this discussion because, hey, let's face it, it's shorter to type.) To understand what it is, let's start with a little basic biology. And I mean just a little, so hang in there. We all know that you eat by putting food in your mouth. And we know that that food then goes on to your stomach where all sorts of interesting chemical reactions go on and then the 'food' goes on to other parts of the body. For the purposes of this discussion we're not going any further than the stomach. Okay, so, you put food in your mouth and it ends up in your stomach. And how does it get to your stomach class? It travels down this nifty connecting tube called your esophagus. On a basic level, that's all your esophagus is, a road between your mouth and your stomach. (Yes, there are muscles and things involved and blah blah, we're trying to keep this simple). Now, and here's the important part, the esophagus was designed to be primarily a one way street. The food is supposed to go down and stay there. Sure, there are mechanisms for 'emergencies' to allow traffic to go the other way, but that's not supposed to happen on a regular basis. At the bottom of the tube (esophagus) there's a flap (the lower esophageal flap or lef) that's supposed to keep things that are in the stomach from getting up into the esophagus. And this little bugger is a big part of your problem. Basically, for folks who suffer from acid reflux, the flap isn't working properly and it's allowing acid to backup into the esophagus. And that irritates the esophagus and the esophagus creates pain to let you know it's irritated and you end up doing the frantic antacid dance. It's the flap's fault.

Who broke my flap and how do I fix it?

Well, um, basically, it's likely that you broke it. Hey, hey, don't shoot the messenger. But seriously, there are certain physical problems. like hiatal hernia, that can cause or contribute to an acid reflux problem. But for most folks who suffer with this it's something that developed over time.

So, what can you do to help fix it? The first thing to remember is that this is likely a problem that's been developing for awhile, so don't expect to fix it overnight. But don't be discouraged. For most people, it can be improved or cleared up. One of the keys to getting better is to stop the irritation. As long as the irritation continues, the pain will continue along with the likelihood of damage. So the first step is to prevent the reflux so that the irritation can heal. Now, one of the reasons that many people have difficulty in treating their reflux is that the recommendations they've been presented with seem unreasonable or too difficult to implement.

This is where we come in. As a long time reflux suffer, since I started this all natural homeopathic acid reflux medicine, I've been heartburn free and my reflux has healed. No nasty acid blockers, not nasty probes and surgeries. Just a few capsules a day and off I go.

2007-07-23T04:02:00.001-07:00

Keyword / Phrase

CPC
(US$)

Mesothelioma		$44.23
Acid reflux		$20.08
Bipolar		$9.39
Depression		$9.03
Asbestos		$8.13
Skin care		$6.14
Anxiety		$5.93
Sexual harassment		$5.56